Afforestation and thermal comfort in urban space: a case study in public squares in Recife-PE

Abstract

The present study aimed to conduct an analysis of thermal comfort/discomfort in public squares in the city of Recife, Brazil. The research, carried out during the humid months of June and July 2018, employed a Dry and Wet Bulb Globe Thermometer to measure air temperatures and humidity in four squares with distinct morphologies. Simultaneously, surface temperatures were captured using a thermal camera for a detailed observation of the surrounding environment. Arborization analysis and urban density classification were performed to understand the influence of these factors on the environmental quality of the squares. Questionnaires were administered to square visitors to comprehend thermal perception. The results revealed a diverse and complex scenario, with Derby Square, characterized by higher urban density, exhibiting the highest temperatures, while Sudene Square, featuring more vegetation and lower density, showed lower temperatures. All squares exhibited elevated temperatures, indicating the need for attention due to the importance of these spaces in the urban context and constant pressure from anthropogenic activities. It is concluded that morphology, tree coverage, and urban density play significant roles in thermal conditions, and despite observed differences, interventions are necessary to ensure thermal comfort and functionality of these public spaces in the urban environment.