Brief notes on the historical evolution of the industry: the Brazilian context and the northeast region in the face of deindustrialization

Abstract

Industrialization is a worldwide phenomenon with different temporalities and spatialities. In Brazil, industrialization is a relatively recent process, dating from the mid-1930s and with spatial traits marked by the centralization of investments, notably in the Southeast region. The geographical disparity in the distribution of national industry led the State to establish deconcentration strategies responsible for expanding industrialization to the Northeast, especially after 1960. However, the industrial model implemented in Brazil, strongly supported by state policies and foreign capital, it soon showed signs of exhaustion and culminated in early de-industrialization, with systematic and socio-territorial effects. Given the above, this work aims to make a synthesis of the historical evolution of the industry, especially in the Brazilian and Northeastern context, as well as to present some notes about the deindustrialization process in the country. To this end, we carried out a bibliographic study of authors who have been working with the theme, such as Andrade (1970); Araújo (1997); Cano (1985, 2014); Carlos (1988); Pintaudi and Carlos (1995); Sampaio (2015), among others.